Theories of Consumer Decision Making

Hypotheses of Consumer Decision Making The idea of shopper purchasing conduct isn't new, it has been found a long time back .The current advertising procedures centers around customers purchasing conduct. The showcasing point is to develop and utilize their piece of the pie. Buyers dynamic procedure is exceptionally delicate and depends on their learning and experience. The paper clarifies about the purchasers mental factor especially learning and its impact on purchasing behavior. Learning has been clarified with the assistance of hypotheses, utilizing black box and improvements reaction hypothesis. The black box clarifies the purchasers dynamic procedure and components that influence purchasing choice. Likewise this model additionally features the market boosts, advertise condition, purchasers upgrades and the purchasers reaction. These inward and outside elements plan to impact the buying example of each and every buyer. Purchasers are profoundly touchy while settling on choices and showcasing improvements give essential data and information about the item or administration. Purchasers are additionally affected by social and mental components like society, family, individual, inspiration and learning. In down to earth buyer utilize individual reasoning or experience to reaction redundant purchasing. Oneself learning assists with decreasing the purchasing alternatives and tight down the substitutes accessible in the market. Today present day organizations have embraced the altered showcasing procedures to comprehend the reasoning and dynamic measures. The subjective learning causes the purchaser to recollect the past buy each time when comparative emerge purchaser will utilize own understanding to settle on choice. Fulfilled customer won't go for data search which comes after issue acknowledgment and others steps in dynamic. Advertisers can impact post buy choice by positive learning. If models show the significance of purchasing conduct and fortune 500 organizations have utilized these components to expand their consistency standard. E.g; Dettol advertising clarifies the purchasers reaction and trust which they have created by utilizing mental promoting and positive intellectual learning. To upgrade the learning procedure Marketer utilized instruction and mindfulness program to build up the learning of each and every purchaser. For example Toyota Lexus on other hand additionally center understanding as their promoting procedure. By understanding the need and market trust they presented Lexus (Premium item) which drives the market from decades. Showcasing procedures in addition to extra esteem added administration empower them to improve the client experience. Toyota purchasers were cheerful and happy with unique band. By helpful experience Toyota prevailing to grow new market for extravagance autos. While investigating buyer learning it was seen that client maintenance has an immediate connection with positive learning. It is additionally recommended that advertisers must utilize purchaser conduct and need as the essential examination of market study. Monetary items and administrations require additionally comprehension of customers. It additionally needs to create reasonable system along with administration showcasing to manage singular buyer. As clarified its become additionally trying for the advertisers to comprehend, fulfill and impact the buyer to utilize budgetary administrations. By centering client experience, solid discernment, administration quality and trust advertisers can impact the dynamic and provider decision. Parasuramans, A., Zeithaml, V.A. what's more, Berry, L.L. (1985) says that its exceptionally hard for a customer to pick budgetary items and provider in view of the immaterialness of item, and provider notoriety. Along with Ansoffs model and center existing item and existing business sector advertisers can build purchaser conduct through objective promoting. Result proposes that organizations must accentuate on the components that encroach on the purchasers conduct along with dynamic. Learning can be sent to assess singular reaction which has been demonstrated by models in the writing. Essentially, the final product recommends that learning can be use as correspondence and connection strategy to see singular reaction particularly budgetary items. List of chapters 1.0 Introduction Business achievement can be acquired through the proper investigation of buyer conduct. Customer purchasing conduct is a multi step process, which includes purchasing, paying, utilizing and rethinking a similar item over once more. To comprehend the purchasing behavior or activities is basic as it legitimately impact the business achievement. As referenced by Caslione, John A, (2009) the promoting techniques must meet customer inclinations in downturn time so as to increase serious edge. Most normally purchasing exercises mirrors the system use by the organizations for showcasing and satisfying the market needs. So shoppers are considers to be the section and exit to an effective business. To comprehend the customers dynamic it is critical to comprehend the psychological elements influencing their necessities, decision, inclination and last and post buy understanding or learning (5 Ws of showcasing). Examination done on purchaser conduct assists with understanding the choosing procedure in two different ways for example all things considered and separately. Both individual and aggregate purchasing process is influenced by different components like socioeconomics, condition and observation. (Foxall, Gordon R, 1987) referenced through the conduct research organizations can estimate the purchasing recurrence and item inclinations. Hypothesis of Consumer conduct and dynamic The dynamic hypothesis was analyzed and changed by Nicholas Bernoulli and Oskar Morgenstern yet it begin around 300 years prior. The hypothesis depended on the desire for choice results which was an intellectual procedure. Later the hypothesis was altered with the expansion of significant worth and fulfillment. Moreover Allen Shocker clarifies the multifaceted nature and steps which include in dynamic. (Michael Richarme, 2005) Degree of contribution is another significant factor while looking and settling on choice. Analysts likewise demonstrated that the showcasing exercises have enormous effect on customers brain research which assists with taking choice. Shopper conduct is a mental capacity which includes the client to experience the recognizable proof of their needs, looking through techniques to satisfy the requirements and settle on buy choices in like manner. The procedure can likewise be portrayed as gathering, deciphering, making arrangements and executing it for effectively purchasing the ideal item (Lars Perner, 2008). The conduct approach of the purchaser is profoundly commanded by their brain research. The main model of customer choice of making process was created in 1963 by Howard and later altered in 1969 which has become the current hypothesis of purchaser conduct. The refreshed model gives a reconciliation among the few mental, social, and market pressure on the purchasers decision and data (Howard and Sheth, 1969). Source: http://eprints.bournemouth.ac.uk/10107/1/Consumer_Behaviour_Theory_ _Approaches_%26_Models.pdf) 1.2 Consumer Decision Making Process Shoppers can't settle on their choice alone, rather they have to associate and search up for the data from different sources like their own idea, reference gatherings, condition, different purchasers and venders and so forth. (Source: http://eprints.bournemouth.ac.uk/10107/1/Consumer_Behaviour_Theory_ _Approaches_%26_Models.pdf) The purchaser dynamic procedure is collaboration between the improvement for the buy, the qualities or need of the shopper and their comparing reaction. The boosts can either be intra or bury individual from the shopper. This can additionally be clarified by the BLACK BOX MODEL which underlines on the association between the reaction and the upgrade of the purchaser. (Cindy Dietrich, 2010) The organizations plan and procedure their advertising improvements, though then again social variables like political, financial and social, sway the ecological boosts. Fig# 5 the Black Box Model (Source:http://marketing5.net/Buying-conduct and-dynamic rules of-Base-of-the download-w11405.pdf) The container encases the qualities of purchaser and their dynamic procedure which encourages the purchaser to choose and reaction. Inner and outer components have been spoken to in the model as purchaser attributes and natural improvements separately. These variables together impact the choice procedure and purchaser reaction as portrayed in the figure above. From the distinguishing proof of issue till the post assessment of the choice each progression is exceptionally basic for the purchaser which legitimately influences the advertising procedures. Positive learning lessen the means in dynamic where purchaser limited down the decision, data search, elective, here buyer conduct to purchase the particular item. All these procedure identify with purchaser mental components, inspiration, learning, character and so forth based on data accumulated the purchaser attempts to choose the best accessible choice while making the buy. (A) How the chose factor influences the conduct hypothetically? Beginning and impact of learning on purchasers conduct The subjective technique is most of mental brain science which established by early Marketers back (360 B.C). The memory or learning hypothesis was created by Aristotle who connected learning and information as a psychological procedure. In 1950 Hubb built up a model called Stimlus-creature reaction which was ruled by behaviorism approach. (Expectation J. Hartman,2001) Buyer choices are impacted by singular uniqueness like age, way of life, self idea, character, occupation and monetary condition. The buy choice additionally impacted by singular learning and past experience. (Kotler, 2006) Learning alludes to activities performed or data got. It emerges as a matter of fact and exchange of needs, boosts, reaction and fortification. When the purchaser has gained from their experience they attempt to dis

Executive compensation as a Macroeconomics topic Essay

Official remuneration as a Macroeconomics subject - Essay Example With respect to the supporters of free market economy, business cycles are ordinary (McConnell and Brue 134). However, during the previous years, its capacity to address itself is being put to address thus the need to apply other agents’ help was seen. Macroeconomic vacillations influence corporations’ execution through interest and cost conditions (Oxelheim, Wihlborg and Zhang, par.1). Nowadays, CEOs and elevated level chiefs are being employed by organizations to help them in their activities. Obviously, their administrations won't be for nothing out of pocket, truly, they are generously compensated. Yet, issues emerge in light of the fact that they are presently observed as contributing elements to the huge expense for organizations causing disequilibrium. Many accept that U.S. official pay is gravely out of harmony (Paulin 1). This is a direct result of the high remuneration that these directors charge corresponding to their administrations rendered to the organizat ions. The balance in the market is being upset by the broadening hole in the pace of official remuneration and others doing likewise occupations in different pieces of the world just as the average representatives. On the off chance that in any case, CEOs and chiefs are utilized to help illuminate the blemishes of the market but since of the an excessive amount of cost of remuneration they ask which is additionally accepted to be out of balance, they are signifying the disappointments of the free market framework.

Essay Question About Symbolism In The Scarlet Letter Example For Students

Paper Question About Symbolism In The Scarlet Letter In The Scarlet Letter , Nathaniel Hawthorne presents this novel in a sensational perspective, beginning with the area of the jail. Hester is shown as a double-crossing lady in a Puritan culture, where sin is cruelly represented. She is compelled to wear her identification of disgrace all through life close by her girl Pearl, yet the incongruity, all things considered, is that she gets one of the most accommodating, extraordinary, upright individuals in her general public. Hawthorne utilizes images to pass on his topic of the impacts of wrongdoing. The woods represents an amicable spot, where Hester and Mr. Dimmesdale can share opportunity, to talk and consider their emotional life changes. The timberland is their entryway or escape to isolation. It is a joyful spot, where they are bohemians, staying standoffish from society and can cut loose through the backwoods and be real to life with each other. The backwoods as an image assists with building up the story all the more precisely. Hawthorne passes on this image, so as to relate to his feeling of dramatization all through the characters lives. Images are a significant scholarly component, that Hawthorne exploits by appearing, profundity, gloom, opportunity to admit sin and different hindrances. In the woods, a peaceful, private and most loner spot, Hester and Mr. Dimmesdale unwind close to a chattering creek, with the green greenery soothing them. Mr. Dimmesdale now sees this is the spot as direct with Hester and make their arrangements for their escape. The backwoods holds the insider facts that Hester and Mr. Dimmesdale share. This spot is the main opportunity they need to truly talk, without stressing of townspeople partner themselves together. The woodland is a position of riddle and persona. The sister of representative Bellingham, (Mistress Hibbins), is viewed as a witch, who regularly stays standoffish from society as Hester has remained. The dark man with the works in his book, holds the names, written in blood, of the individuals he meets among the trees is a riddle himself. Pearl is an incredible opposite wickedness herself. When Hester feels free and brings down her hair lastly disposes of the letter into the creek, Pearl is berserk at seeing the missing letter. Hester feels free now and again, yet Pearl ties her precisely and she can never escape from it. Just certain occasions, when Hester is distant from everyone else with Mr. Dimmesdale would she be able to feel invigorated and arranged in ease. The backwoods holds these specifications. All things being equal, Hawthorne leaves the novel open to his inexhaustible utilization of imagery. The backwoods an image, and the most patent spot to consider, along with a reasonable plot, persuading portrayal, and significant abstract gadgets empowers Nathaniel Hawthorne in The Scarlet Letter to the build up the topic of the impacts of wrongdoing.

Fiscal Stimulus - Three Key Ingredients

Financial Stimulus - Three Key Ingredients In late 2008 and mid 2009, you were unable to turn on a TV or open a paper without hearing the term financial upgrade again and again. The thought behind monetary improvement is a somewhat straightforward one - a decrease in buyer request has brought about a bizarrely high number of inactive assets, for example, jobless specialists and shut manufacturing plants. Since the private area won't spend, the administration can replace the private part by expanding spending, hence giving these inert assets back something to do. With their recently discovered salary, these laborers will have the option to spend once more, increment buyer request. Too, laborers who as of now have occupations will have expanded trust in the condition of the economy and will build their spending too. When shopper spending rises enough, the legislature can slow their spending, as they are not, at this point expected to get the slack.The hypothesis behind financial boost relies upon three fundamental components. A s we will see, by and by it is hard to have more than two of these met at any one time. Financial Stimulus Factor 1 - Provide Stimulus Through Use of Idle Resources Financial improvement possibly works on the off chance that it utilizes inactive assets - assets that would not in any case be utilized by the private part. Utilizing representatives and gear that would some way or another be utilized by the private area is of no utilization; truth be told, it is negative if the private part extends are of more incentive than government ones. This swarming out of private spending by open spending must be avoided.To abstain from swarming out, extraordinary consideration should be taken in a monetary improvement bundle to target businesses and geographic regions that contain inert assets. Re-opening a shut car plant and rehiring the laid off laborers is an undeniable method to do as such, however in reality it is hard to focus on an upgrade plan so precisely.We can't overlook that the decision of what kind of financial boost is picked by lawmakers, and consequently is a policy driven issue as much as it is a monetary one. There is an incredible probabi lity that a politically well known however non-animating bundle will be picked more than one that is politically less famous yet progressively advantageous to the economy. Monetary Stimulus Factor 2 - Started Quickly A downturn is certifiably not an especially enduring marvel (however it frequently feels like one). Since World War II downturns have kept going somewhere in the range of 6 and year and a half, with a normal length of 11 months (source). Assume we are in a long downturn of year and a half, with an additional a half year of moderate development a short time later. This gives us a two year window wherein to give financial upgrade. During this period various things need to occur: The administration needs to perceive that the economy is in downturn. This takes longer than one may envision - the National Bureau of Economic Research didn't perceive that the United States was in a downturn until a year after it started.The government needs to build up an upgrade package.The improvement charge should be made law and pass all the fundamental checks and balances.The ventures engaged with the boost bundle should be begun. There might be delays in this progression, especially if the undertaking includes the structure of physical foundation. Ecological evaluations should be finished, private segment contractual workers need to offer on the task, laborers should be recruited. The entirety of this takes time.The ventures, preferably, should be finished. In the event that they are not finished before the economy completely recuperates, at that point we will positively have swarming out as these representatives and hardware would be useful to the private part. These things need to occur in the window of, best case scenario, two years. Meeting this errand appears to be very troublesome, if certainly feasible. Financial Stimulus Factor 3 - Perform Reasonably Well on a Benefit-Cost Test In a perfect world, we ought to get great incentive for our cash - the administration ought to spend citizen dollars on things of genuine incentive to the citizen. Government spending will essentially bring GDP in light of the fact that up in the computation of GDP the estimation of any administration venture is controlled by its cost, not its worth. In any case, building streets to no place does nothing to expand our actual standard of living.There is additionally the policy centered issue here - that activities might be picked on their political ubiquity or incentive to extraordinary interests, as opposed to on their merits.â Monetary Stimulus - Meeting One Factor Is Hard; Three Is Impossible In Fiscal Stimulus - Unlikely To Work in reality we will see that not exclusively are a portion of these elements sufficiently hard to meet all alone, it is almost difficult to meet more than two of them at any one time.

Maslows Hierarchy Of Needs Questions 1-4 Essays - Happiness

Maslows Hierarchy Of Needs Questions 1-4 Essays - Happiness Maslows Hierarchy Of Needs Questions 1-4 September 24TH 2015 1.Using your Everyday Encounters reading material as your reference, give a short portrayal of Maslows Hierarchy of Needs in your own words. Clarify quickly how correspondence encourages us address our issues (3 pts.). I accept we need correspondence in regular day to day existence, its how we endure. Maslows progressive system of necessities begins with what I believe is significant, confidence needs are what we have to regard ourselves, to be values and to be regarded by others. We take a stab at fearlessness in regular daily existence, we need to be better than we were yesterday. That is the means by which we convey to ourselves to develop and succeed. 2.Select one of the eight needs on the pecking order. Give a meaning of that need (3 pt.). The remainder of the task will concentrate on this need Confidence needs are generally significant, they are fitness, endorsement and acknowledgment. - Competence is having reasonable or adequate abilities, information, and experience - Approval is esteeming and regarding ourselves and being esteemed and regarded by others. We convey through our brain to regard our selves - Recognition is affirmation that someone else exists, we do this by non-verbal Practices, for example, a grin or a touch or even verbally by making statements, for example, Hi ideal to meet you. 3.Reflect on when you utilized relational correspondence so as to address that issue. Clarify the circumstance, who was included, what you and the other individual or individuals imparted, and how your need was met (6 pts.) At the point when I chose to come out as gay, I needed to speak with my family to let them What my identity was. I was so apprehensive to talk yet once I began speaking I was quiet. My family sat there and listened then consoled me that it was alright that they love and regard me regardless what. Conveying helped address my issues by placing fearlessness in myself. 4.Consider your future working environment (for example addictions) where you will work with customers from various different backgrounds. Give a case of a circumstance wherein you will utilize correspondence to assist somebody with addressing the need you chose (6 pts.). Turning into a guide in the event that somebody came to me with a circumstance like mine they were making some hard memories coming out to their family, I would inform them concerning my experience about coming out to my family since I have that information. I at that point would ensure they are sure about themselves that they would have the endorsement they need from their parent (model: are they alright with others who are gay) I at that point would inquire as to whether they regard them self all around ok to be certain this is the thing that they need. I would ensure he perceives that I am understanding and listening admirably too him by indicating compassion for them. Correspondence permits your voice to be heard. .

Short-Term Memory Duration and Capacity

Short-Term Memory Duration and Capacity Theories Cognitive Psychology Print Short-Term Memory Duration and Capacity By Kendra Cherry facebook twitter Kendra Cherry, MS, is an author, educational consultant, and speaker focused on helping students learn about psychology. Learn about our editorial policy Kendra Cherry Updated on November 25, 2019 Joshua Hodge Photography / Vetta / Getty Images More in Theories Cognitive Psychology Behavioral Psychology Developmental Psychology Personality Psychology Social Psychology Biological Psychology Psychosocial Psychology In This Article Table of Contents Expand Duration Capacity Short-Term vs. Working Memory Short-Term vs. Long-Term Memory View All Back To Top Short-term memory, also known as primary or active memory, is the information we are currently aware of or thinking about. The information found in short-term memory comes from paying attention to sensory memories. A quick overview: Short-term memory is very brief. When short-term memories are not rehearsed or actively maintained, they last mere seconds.Short-term memory is limited. It is commonly suggested that short-term memory can hold seven plus or minus two items. Duration  of Short-Term Memory Most of the information kept in short-term memory will be stored for approximately 20 to 30 seconds, but it can be just seconds if rehearsal or active maintenance of the information is prevented. Some information can last in short-term memory for up to a minute, but most information spontaneously decays quite quickly. For example, imagine that you are trying to remember a phone number. The other person rattles off the phone number, and you make a quick mental note. Moments later you realize that you have already forgotten the number. Without rehearsing or continuing to repeat the number until it is committed to memory, the information is quickly lost from short-term memory. You can increase the duration of short-term memories to an extent by using rehearsal strategies such as saying the information aloud or mentally repeating it. However, the information in short-term memory is also highly susceptible to interference. Any new information that enters short-term memory will quickly displace any old information. Similar items in the environment can also interfere with short-term memories. While many of our short-term memories are quickly forgotten, attending to this information allows it to continue the next stage â€" long-term memory. Capacity  of Short-Term Memory The amount of information that can be stored in short-term memory can vary. An often-cited figure is a plus or minus seven items, based on the results of a famous experiment on short-term memory. In an influential paper titled The Magical Number Seven, Plus or Minus Two, psychologist George Miller suggested that people can store between five and nine items in short-term memory. More recent research suggests that people are capable of storing approximately four chunks or pieces of information in short-term memory. Distinction Between Short-Term Memory and Working Memory Short-term memory is often used interchangeably with working memory, but the two should be utilized separately. Working memory refers to the processes that are used to temporarily store, organize, and manipulate information. Short-term memory, on the other hand, refers only to the temporary storage of information in memory. Distinguishing Short-Term From Long-Term Memory Memory researchers often use what is referred to as the three-store model to conceptualize human memory. This model suggests that memory consists of three basic stores: sensory, short-term, and long-term and that each of these can be distinguished based on storage capacity and duration. While long-term memory has a seemingly unlimited capacity that last years, short-term memory is relatively brief and limited. Chunking information into small groups makes it easier to remember more items for a short period. The information-processing view of memory suggests that human memory works much like a computer. In this model, information first enters short-term memory (a temporary holding store for recent events) and then some of this information is transferred into long-term memory (a relatively permanent store), much like information on a computer being placed on a hard disk. How Can Short-Term Memories Become Long-Term Memories? Since short-term memory is limited in both capacity and duration, the retention of memories requires transferring the information from short-term stores into long-term memory. How exactly does this take place? There are a few different ways that information can be committed to long-term memory. As mentioned earlier, chunking is one memorization technique that can facilitate the transfer of information into long-term memory. This approach involves breaking up information into smaller segments. If you were trying to memorize a string of numbers, for example, you would segment them off into three or four item blocks. Rehearsal can also help information make it into long-term memory. You might use this approach when studying materials for an exam. Instead of just reviewing the information once or twice, you might go over your notes over and over again until the critical information is committed to memory. The exact mechanisms for how memories are transferred from short-term to long-term stores remain controversial and not well understood. The classic model, known as the Atkinson-Shiffrin model or multi-modal model, suggested that all short-term memories were automatically placed in long-term memory after a certain amount of time. More recently, other researchers have proposed that some mental editing takes place and that only particular memories are selected for long-term retention. Still, other researchers dispute the idea that there are separate stores for short-term and long-term memories. Recent research has shown that exercise may also help increase short-term memory. One experiment found that treadmill exercise in rats with Alzheimers led to improvements in short-term memory by increasing neurogenesis, offering hope for new approaches  that alleviate some of the symptoms associated with Alzheimers disease. A Word From Verywell Short-term memory plays a vital role in shaping our ability to function in the world around us, but it is limited in terms of both capacity and duration. Disease and injury can also have an influence on the ability to store short-term memories as well as convert them into long-term memories. As researchers continue to learn more about factors that influence memory, new ways of enhancing and protecting short-term memory may continue to emerge.

Grammar One to 1

When learning a new language, students almost always begin with the alphabet and numbers. We use letters, of course, to form words, which form sentences that express ideas of varying complexity in a form that people who read this written language can understand. Numbers designate a different kind of language, one that conveys equations and measurements, mathematical calculations and scientific formulas. But sometimes the two forms come together, when, for example, we are outlining how to follow numerical steps or stating someone’s age or simply noting that there is more than one right way to write numbers. How and when are we supposed to put numbers into words? Generally, the rule of thumb for writing numbers in English prose goes like this: spell out the word for numbers under ten, and write the numerical symbol for numbers 11 and higher. For example: For the party, I bought two frozen pizzas, three quarts of ice cream, and six bags of chips. I also bought a 12-pack of seltzer. The Gregorian calendar comprises 12 months or 356 days, and each month has 28, 30, or 31 days. As with most rules in English, however, there are exceptions. The first word of a sentence must always be spelled out, even in the case of large numbers. For instance: Forty students are trying out for the volleyball team this fall. (correct) NOT: 40 students are trying out for the volleyball team. (incorrect) For the sake of consistency and style, it is often advisable to keep the same format for writing out multiple numbers within a sentence, even when combining large and small numbers: On our cross-country road trip, we visited 22 cities in 9 different states. (The inconsistent alternative would be 22 cities in nine states.) Similarly, if numbers appear many times throughout a piece of text, it is better to write them all numerically for ease of reading. Context-specific: There are also specific rules based on different contexts for writing numbers. Ordinal numbers: Ordinal numbers, as the name suggests, are used to express numerical items in relation to each other, or in a certain order, according to their quality or placement. In English, ordinal numbers are spelled differently from their cardinal number counterparts. (A cardinal number is what we typically think of when we think of counting numbers – in other words, numbers that denote a quantity: one, two, three, etc). You can recognize ordinal numbers by their suffixes, which apply both in the spelled out word and the numerical abbreviation of ordinal numbers. One → first (1st) Two → second (2nd) Three → third (3rd) Four → fourth (4th) Five → fifth (5th) Six → sixth (6th) Seven → seventh (7th) Eight → eighth (8th) Nine → ninth (9th) Ten → tenth (10th) Eleven → eleventh (11th) Twenty → twentieth (20th) Deciding whether to spell out ordinal numbers or write the numerical abbreviation usually depends on the length of the number. When it is only one word (like second), spell it out: I won second place at the spelling bee! When the cardinal number is composed of multiple hyphenated words (like thirty-one), the ordinal number can be expressed as a numeral: The office is located on the 31st floor. Dates: Writing dates is another context in which we inherently combine words with numbers (to describe the name of a month and the number of a day or year). When writing out the full date of an event, use the cardinal number: The celebration will take place on August 21, 2019. When referring to a specific day without mentioning the year, use the ordinal number: We are all getting together on the 21st of August to celebrate! Age: When referring to a person by their age, the most important thing to know is where (and when) to add hyphens. When the age functions as a noun (referring to a person by their age) or as an adjective (describing a person or object), you need to hyphenate: The 68-year-old was known for being an incredible chef. (noun) The 68-year-old chef retired after working in the same restaurant for 30 years. (adjective) Whether or not to spell out a person’s age depends on the size of the number, following the first rule of thumb. For ages under ten, spell it out: The girl is seven years old, and she has a four-year-old brother. For ages higher than ten, you can write the numeral: My grandfather was 68 years old when he retired. How and when to follow these rules about writing numbers is ultimately a stylistic choice, and different publications may have their own set of expectations. Writing is one of the primary skills required of high school and college students, yet rarely is it taught well. That’s why our writing tutors are published authors, MFA graduates, and Ph.D candidates in the humanities who have devoted years to learning how to teach their craft. Our goal is to help our students become confident and independent academic writers. We teach students how to perform systematic research, create outlines, revise effectively, and appropriately cite sources. Moreover, we work hard to teach students why these things are important, and how to enjoy doing them. We work with students in the context of formal courses, but we are also happy to create bespoke writing tutorials for students who need outside assistance or would like to practice during vacations from school. We also support students preparing to sit for the Writing section of the SAT, GRE, GMAT, TOEFL, or any other standardized exam. In addition to helping students learn how to structure and communicate their thoughts in writing, our expository writing tutors will help you craft exciting, successful admissions essays, and beat standardized exams that test verbal skills. We have helped countless students shape their application narratives and transform their stories into compelling pieces of writing. ; Read some of Alison's previous blog posts on grammar below! Homonyms Fun English Facts Betwixt and between: difficult grammar rules explained One for All and All for None? Grammatical Rules for One, Neither, and Each!

The Debate Of The Missouri Compromise - 1613 Words

The Missouri compromise was a very important event that marked the beginning of the long battle against slavery. In the years leading up to the Missouri compromise tensions were rising between the North and the South. The states were all being divided into slave states and free states. Free states were states that were anti-slavery and were made up of mainly Northern states while slave states were states that supported slavery and were all mostly Southern states. Before the Missouri compromise the amounts of slave and free states were kept balanced. When Missouri met all the requirements to become a state and wanted to be admitted as a slave state, it threatened to tip the balance. The Missouri compromise allowed the admission of Missouri as a slave state while at the same time allowing Maine to be admitted as a free state, maintaining the balance. It also prohibited slavery in the states North of the southern boundary of Missouri. This conflict inspired other people and was the firs t major battle against slavery. It also kept the number of free and slave states even preventing the balance from being tipped in favor of slavery. One of the arguments that I intend to make to prove that the Missouri compromise was the beginning of this battle is that the Missouri Compromise prevented pro slavery states from gaining majority in the senate. A second point that I will make is that the Missouri compromise opened up serious debates and conversations that otherwise may not haveShow MoreRelatedEssay on The 1820 Missouri Compromise1146 Words   |  5 Pages The 1820 Missouri Compromise Slavery and the Civil War Research Task- Describe the role of the 1820 Missouri Compromise in the campaign against slavery! The 1820 Missouri Compromise played a large role in the campaign against slavery. In 1819 Missouri became a statehood and congress considered framing a state constitution, with this a representative attempted to add a anti-slavery legislation with it. This is what started the process of the campaign against slavery.Read MoreThe 1820 Missouri Compromise1190 Words   |  5 PagesThe 1820 Missouri Compromise Slavery and the Civil War By Stephen Waters Research Task- Describe the role of the 1820 Missouri Compromise in the campaign against slavery! The 1820 Missouri Compromise played a large role in the campaign against slavery. In 1819 Missouri became a statehood and congress considered framing a state constitution, with this a representative attempted to add a anti-slavery legislation with it. This is what started the process of the campaign against slaveryRead MoreCauses Of The Missouri Compromise Of 1820814 Words   |  4 PagesThe Missouri compromise of 1820 was enforced to stop tensions between Pro-slavery and Anti-slavery factions within the U.S. congress and across the county. The history of slavery and manifest destiny became one of the main reasons why The Missouri Compromise came to be. Meanwhile, the senate was debating whether they should abolish slavery or expand it, as well as how slavery befits the country economically. Many economic, political, and social events occurred in order for The Missouri CompromiseRead MoreEssay about Mistakes Made in the United States and Mexican War639 Words   |  3 Pageswhich us ually made them go bankrupt. Argument #3: The United States government handled the slave debate poorly. The government handled the slave debate poorly because this is what caused America to enter a civil war. The Missouri Compromise, from the beginning, was a terrible idea. The Missouri Compromise was made to solve short term problems, so it would eventually have to be demolished. This compromise had to end because there would always be conflict between the number of free and slave statesRead MoreApush Dbq Essay Civil War870 Words   |  4 PagesThe constant debate over whether America was going to be free or slave led to the inevitability of a civil war. The political tension within the nation surrounding the issue of slavery was ongoing even after a series of compromises. The country was either going to be free or slave and it was evident that the only way to decide this was through a civil war. Through several cases and debates between the views of the North and South, an agreement was still unable to be obtained. The divisions withinRead MoreSlavery and the U.S. government1268 Words   |  5 Pagesownership of slaves. The United States was one of the last countries to still allo w slavery and at the time, there was much debate as to whether or not slavery should still be allowed. As many people know, this issue was heavily debated over for many years, and eventually, became one of the sparks that started one of the biggest wars this nation has ever encountered. There was much debate at the time as to how the slave trade should be regulated; the southern states believed that slave trade should be decidedRead MoreThe City Of The United States875 Words   |  4 PagesAlso known as the Show Me State, Missouri is known for their capital, Jefferson City. The beautiful Bluebird is their state’s bird with the gorgeous Flowering Dogwood tree that fills the lands. They have a population of over five million people and land approximately seventy thousand square miles across. The Show Me State is also known for their Gateway Arch that draws several tourists and residents all year long. The Arch in St. Louis is the country’s tallest manmade monument. I t was built atRead MoreTaking a Look at the Missouri Compromise766 Words   |  3 PagesMissouri Compromise Most white Americans of the 1800’s agreed that the US push western was hard and crucial to good health of this nation. But the big question was at what cost it should be. When President Thomas Jefferson made the Louisiana Purchase from the French he was very happy with the thought of gaining the mighty Mississippi river and the port in New Orleans for America interest but if he could only see the can of worms it would open for the newly forming United States. Like many modernRead MoreCompromise Essay1263 Words   |  6 Pagesï » ¿ Compromise Essay Prior to the 1820’s, the people of the United States had been struggling to find a way to solve their sectional tensions brought on by slavery in the south. The south had always had an economy based on agriculture that could not strive without their uses of slavery. They did not plan on ending slavery anytime soon, especially since it was really all they had to support themselves. They were against establishing an industrial based economy like the north had began to doRead MoreThe Civil War995 Words   |  4 Pagesincluded The Missouri Compromise of 1820, The Compromise of 1850, and Uncle Tom’s Cabin in 1852. The Missouri Compromise created a moral issue using a simple geographical line, while the Compromise of 1850 led to increased polarization amongst centrist citizens due to the new Fugitive Slave Act. Uncle Tom’s Cabin created conflicting views of slavery between the Northerners who felt it was unethical and the Southerners who believed Uncle Tom’s Cabin was slanderous. The Missouri Compromise was a paramount

Hamlets Insanity - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 5 Words: 1402 Downloads: 6 Date added: 2019/04/10 Category Literature Essay Level High school Tags: Hamlet Essay William Shakespeare Essay Did you like this example? Revenge can cause one to be blinded through rage, rather than through understanding. It is from the law of an eye for an eye, but the law is not always an intelligent concept to go along with. In William Shakespeares Hamlet, he uses revenge as the major theme for the growth of Hamlets madness throughout the village to avenge his fathers death. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Hamlets Insanity" essay for you Create order It is ironical how retaliation was pursued by Hamlet but in turn he perished because of its foolish necessity. He is the tragic hero, but not only has he impacted himself, he has suffered the people he knew to their deaths as well. Although, the subject of Hamlets insanity throughout the play is difficult to diagnose if hes crazy or simply faking it is the central topic, the theme of revenge, morality, and obsession. Violent bloodlust vengeance for someone who has taken from one, causes insanity through the mind. When the Ghost appeared in the first scene, Horatio. Before my God, I might not believe without the sensible and true avouch of mine own eyes. Marcellus. Is it not like the King? Horatio. But soft, behold! Lo, where it comes again! Ill cross it though it blast me. Stay, illusion! (Act 1.1, lines 60-63,130-131, p. 238,240) Horatio, Marcellus, and Barnardo warn Hamlet of the incident. When he encounters the Ghost he feels confusion and relief that it is his father, but the Ghost gives him a duty to avenge his death, Ghost. Revenge his foul and most unnatural murder. Hamlet. Murder?Ghost. A serpent stung me. So the whole ear of Denmark is by forged process of my death rankle abused. But know, thou noble youth, the serpent that did sting thy fathers life now wears his crown. Hamlet. O my prophetic soul! My uncle! (Act 1.5, lines 26-27,36-42,p.256,257) For Hamlet to hear this may seem as if his hatred for his uncle, King Claudius maximize to violent revenge, Hamlet So excellent a king, that was to this Hyperion to satyr why she, even she (O God, a beast that wants discourse of reason would have mourned longer!), marries with my uncle, my fathers brother, but no more like my father than I to Hercules. With such dexterity to incestuous sheets! (Act 1.2, lines 139-140, 149-153,157,p.245,246)Hamlet honoring his fathers existence comparing it to his uncle, which is less than him. The plan Hamlet develops to avenge his fathers death, Hamlet. Here, as before, never, so help you mercy, how strange or odd someer I bear myself (As I perchance hereafter shall think meet to put an antic disposition on) That you, at such times seeing me, never shall, with arms encumbered thus, or this headshake, or by pronouncing of some doubtful phrase, as ?Well, well, we know, or ?We could an if we would, or ?If we list to speak, or ?There be an if they might , or such ambiguous giving-out, to note that you know aught of me this do swear, so grace and mercy at your most need help you. Ghost. Swear. (Act 1.5, lines 174-186,p.261) Hamlet is going to pretend to be insane, a tactic that will help him to carry out his revenge against King Claudius. This plan of Hamlet can diagnose him as a manipulator to all characters in the play to reveal the truth about his fathers death. In the article 9 Traits of Manipulative People defines that, Manipulative people have mastered the art of deception. They may appear respectable and sincere but often thats just a fa? §ade; its a way to draw you in and ensnare you in a relationship before they show their true colors. Hamlet, however, appeared to the the village as insane to draw everyones attention on him. Furthermore, Hamlets madness can be diagnosed with bipolar disorder, which is a disorder associated with episodes of mood swings ranging from depressive lows to manic highs. Hamlets moods cycle through a depressive state with Claudius commenting that the clouds still hang on on him. (Act 1.2, line 66, p.244) When he illustrates to the Queen the manner of his grief he says, But I have that within which passes show, These but the trappings and the suits of woe. (Act 1.2, lines 85-86, p.244) The grief he feels is something deeper, a heavy depression. In his soliloquy, Hamlet. To be or not to be †that is the question: whether tis nobler in the mind to suffer the slings and arrows of outrageous fortune, or to take arms against a sea of troubles and, by opposing, end them. To die, to sleep no more †and by a sleep to say we end the heartache and the thousand natural shocks that flesh is heir to (Act 3.1, lines 59-64,p.285) This use of metaphors expresses Hamlets view of life, de ath, and afterlife with the idea of suicide as a way to end the sufferings of life. This low state of the bipolar disorder goes back to a manic episode when Hamlet impulsively murder Polonius with no hesitation. Lastly one may relate Hamlets actions to the disorders of schizophrenia. In the article Hamlet: Schizophreniform with violent tendencies and depression says, he displays delusions, hallucinations, certain negative symptoms, and disorganized speech The delusion  ¦in the idea that he believes himself to be the only one who can clearly see what is going on with his uncle and his mother. He keeps much of his thoughts about what is going on to himself The hallucinations He claims to see the Ghost which both appears and speaks to him. Notice that the Ghost only talks to Hamlet alone and no else can ever hear him His disorganized speech with Ophelia which she goes to talk about the favors hes giving her and he claims to have no notion of what she is talking about and calls her a liar He mistreats [her] accusing her of horrible things and intentions. The themes of morality, revenge, and obsession stay very transparent throughout the play, though every character has dealt with challenges and critical times of their own, its very apparent that Shakespeares theme of morality for Hamlet motivates him to his downfall. In the beginning Hamlets morality was possessively strong, but it grew weak as he began to overthink excessively causing his insanity. The avenging of his fathers death, Hamlet relates to perfectionism and reputation to define his justice to kill Claudius. Along comes with Hamlets morality is vengeful revenge, a vicious, violent way to make one feel better about an offense against them. In the tragedy, it displays how Hamlet planned out how he wanted to reveal the truth and the time to kill the King, but due to his procrastination he hesitated. With revenge followed obsession to achieve ones goal. Shakespeare used obsession to investigate both Hamlets desire for revenge and his demand for confidence to fulfill his deeds. His obsession to kill Claudius made him impulsive and impatient, Hamlet. Now might I do it pat, now he is a-praying, And now Ill do t. And so he goes to heaven, And so I am revenged. That would be scanned: A villain kills my father, and for that, I, his sole son, do this same villain send To heaven. (Act 3.3, lines 73-78, p.302-303) Hamlets morality comes in but he still wants get him at the right time when he is not praying, so Claudius doesnt go to heaven. On the other hand, Shakespeares themes addresses the point that revenge is never the answer, it clouds ones judgement, and leads to tragic downfall to the grave. Thus, one should let life take its course on the adversary that has offended them. In conclusion, Hamlets is insane to let his pretending act to manipulate others by losing his mind. The bipolar outbursts for his fathers death and his plan to capture King Claudius as the culprit dragged him down to his own death. Although, the subject of Hamlets insanity throughout the play is difficult to diagnose if hes crazy or simply faking it is the central topic, the theme of revenge, morality, and obsession. Hamlets mental illnesses are Manipulative disorder, bipolar disorder, and schizophrenia. There are some innocent bystanders who are left ceased to exist after Hamlet fulfills what he believes is his responsibility of avenging his fathers killer. The tragedy of Hamlet is profoundly a whether or not if hes evil or insane to other readers intellect.

Workplace Harassment - 4204 Words

An Analysis of Workplace Harassment and Bullying in Today’s Society Introduction Workplace harassment and bullying occurs when an employee subjects another employee to degrading behaviour, whether verbal abuse and threats or actual physical violence. It is an inappropriate expression of power that affects workers and their productivity in an unfavourable way (Spry, 1998). Management, and other types of employees, who occupy high-status roles sometimes believe that harassing their subordinates is within their rights and make demands of the lower-status employees (Langton, Robbins, Judge, 2010, p. 313). Harassment is often a result of stress, power, differences of opinion, undefined expectations of management, absent policies, and tasks†¦show more content†¦(Johns amp; Saks, 2008, p. 135) It has typically been thought of as a type of harassment that only women experience in the workplace; however, men can be victims of sexual harassment as well. Sexual harassment demeans its victims, whether female or male. A victim of sexual harassment can be anyone within an organization, although some individuals are more prone to victimization. For example, women within an organization who are highly educated, young, and seeking to move up within the ranks of the organization can be perceived by men as a threat and so are targeted (Mueller, De Coster, amp; Estes, 2001). The corporate culture in which individuals work can also influence who becomes a victim of sexual harassment. Women who work in male-dominated occupations or work-groups are more likely to be harassed than women who work in female-dominated or gender integrated occupations or work-groups (Mueller et al., 2001). Corporate cultures that are more open about sexual matters may become too lenient regarding this topic which can potentially lead to increased sexual harassment cases. It has beenShow MoreRelatedSexual Harassment And The Workplace Essay2278 Words   |  10 PagesDefinition of Sexual Harassment Sexual harassment in the workplace can take many different forms and affects both men and women in the workplace. Bill Clinton vs Monica Lewinsky/Paula Jones, Anita Hill v Clarence Thomas are a couple of the most famous sexual harassment cases in the U.S. Both of these cases involved political candidates and their staff, in both cases the public doubted the victim and their careers were forever tarnished due to reporting. However, sexual harassment does not have to beRead MoreSexual Harassment At The Workplace1697 Words   |  7 PagesSexual Harassment in the Workplace Eva L. Mendez-Zacher MG260, Business Law I 28 September 2014 Dr. Anita Whitby Abstract I’m conducting a study on Sexual harassment in the workplace. Sexual harassment is possible in all social and economic classes, ethnic groups, jobs and places in the community. Through this study I hope to clarify the common misconception that sexual harassment is an isolated female problem. Although the majority of the cases reported are in fact male on femaleRead MoreSexual Harassment And The Workplace1396 Words   |  6 PagesEssay #3 Sexual harassment in the workplace has always been an issue, even before women were introduced into the working environment in the twentieth century. In recent years this issue may have become more publicized than before and not as overlooked as it used to be, but it unfortunately affects people all across the nation, both men and women alike. From that fast food chain where your kid is working at, to that fortune 500 company you’ve never heard of, it is happening. Over the last severalRead MoreSexual Harassment And The Workplace963 Words   |  4 PagesSexual Harassment in the Workplace There are federal laws put in position to prevent sexual harassment in the workplace. Most employees sometimes don’t even realize what sexual harassment is are when they are committing this violation. On the flip side an employee may not realized when they are being sexually harassed and when is the appropriate time to speak up. Education on sexual harassment has increased within the workplace as cases are more public and fines are getting steeper. In this researchRead MoreSexual Harassment And The Workplace1697 Words   |  7 PagesSexual Harassment in the Work Place: Building More Awareness In today’s society, sexual harassment in the workplace has become a problem. This problem should have more attention and awareness provided to help stop these situations from happening. Sexual harassment can happen anywhere, at any time, and to everyone. It does not discriminate and effects all ethnicity, genders, age, and races. Due to the larger number of cases presented in courts today, sexual harassment in the workplace continues toRead MoreSexual Harassment in Workplace8799 Words   |  36 Pagesincrease on awareness of sexual harassment at workplace, since the rising of sexual harassment practice at workplace. The rise of sexual harassment begun as females enters the workforce. A research conducted at UK, shows that around 60% of females at work and 90% of female undergraduates experiences sexual harassment (Wilson, 1995) Despite that, there are many cases of female who do not report on sexual harassment (Davidson and Cooper, 1993; Kingsmill, 1989) Known that workplace have become â€Å"home† for mostRead MoreSexual Harassment in the Workplace2294 Words   |  10 PagesSEXUAL HARASSMENT Sexual Harassment in the Workplace Business Ethics Philosophy Class 218 Sexual Harassment in the Workplace What is sexual harassment? According to the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC), sexual harassment is a form of sex discrimination that violates Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964. Unwelcome sexual advances, requests for sexual favors, and other verbal or physical conduct of a sexual nature constitute sexual harassment when this conduct explicitlyRead MoreSexual Harassment At The Workplace1697 Words   |  7 Pages Sexual Harassment in the Workplace Eva L. Mendez-Zacher MG260, Business Law I 28 September 2014 Dr. Anita Whitby Abstract I’m conducting a study on Sexual harassment in the workplace. Sexual harassment is possible in all social and economic classes, ethnic groups, jobs and places in the community. Through this study I hope to clarify the common misconception that sexual harassment is an isolated female problem. Although the majority of the cases reported are in fact male on femaleRead MoreSexual Harassment At The Workplace Essay1371 Words   |  6 PagesIn recent years, there has been an increase in the attention given to sexual harassment at the work place. Unnecessary and unwanted sexual attention between women and men in the workplace has been there for a very long time in the past. For many years, this unwanted sexual attention has been categorized as a natural form of male/female interaction. However, this has changed as women have become more involved in organizations. Thoughts and feelings about the acceptability of this behavior are rapidlyRead MoreSexual Harassment And The Workplace 897 Words   |  4 Pagesattempts to eradicate sexual harassment it is still an issue people face every day. Sexual harassment is more than just inappropriate touching it is also verbal harassment and even body language. The textbook definition of sexual harassment as stated by the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission is â€Å"unwanted sexual advances, requests for sexual favors, and other verbal or physical harassment of a sexual nature† (Wakeman). While many think that the lines of what is sexual harassment and what is not are blurred

The North American Free Trade Agreement Essay - 1863 Words

The North American Free Trade Agreement, or NAFTA, is an accordance between the United States, Mexico, and Canada that was put into effect in January 1994. This agreement was unprecedented because it integrated three countries that were at extremely different levels of economic development. It changed the economic relationship between North American countries and encouraged trade and investment among the three countries to grow considerably. The purpose of the creation of the North American Free Trade Agreement was to integrate Mexico with the United States and Canada to help its developing economy. The well-developed economies of the United States and Canada were hoped to bring growth to Mexico in the form of employment for its citizens. The competiveness of the United States and Canada would benefit from the low cost investment of Mexico and its market for exports. It was discussed and passed during President George H.W. Bush’s term and put into action by his predecessor, President Bill Clinton. These Presidents believed that this agreement could create many new jobs a year. The United States, Mexico, and Canada all benefited from the North American Free Trade Agreement. While there are opponents of those agreement, the positive effects outweigh the negative effects. It eliminated most tariffs and barriers to trade among the United States, Mexico, and Canada. The trades that were put into focus were agriculture, automobiles, and textiles. Financial services were also aShow MoreRelatedNorth American Free Trade Agreement Essay1398 Words   |  6 Pages North American Free Trade Agreement During the most recent race for the White House we heard very little of substance from both parties, but one thing both parties seem to agree on is that free trade has been bad for the U.S. worker. One candidate proclaimed that the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) has cost the United States hundreds of thousands of jobs and another distanced herself from free trade agreements all together. It has been over twenty years since the implementation ofRead MoreThe North American Free Trade Agreement1711 Words   |  7 PagesThis paper will discuss four components of the North American Free Trade Agreement: Background, events, pros and cons. Upon the research, you will discover four online articles to provide more detail and examples. This research will indicate how it was developed and the reasoning on why it would benefit the nation. Also, it will provide events that occur after the agreement was signed by congress and the recession the countries experience during the e arly 2000s. There will be a chart locatedRead MoreThe North American Free Trade Agreement Essay1420 Words   |  6 Pagessubstance from both parties, but one thing both parties seem to agree on is that free trade has been bad for the U.S. worker. One candidate proclaimed that the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) has cost the United States hundreds of thousands of jobs and another distanced herself from free trade agreements all together. It has been over twenty years since the implementation of the North American Free Trade Agreement and many have criticized it as a bad deal for the U.S. It can be shown thatRead MoreThe North American Free Trade Agreement1036 Words   |  5 PagesThe North American Free Trade Agreement also referred to as NAFTA produced results on January 1, 1994. A trade agreement was made between each of the three of nations of North America. The United States, Canada, and Mexico. The Canadian Prime Minister, Brian Mulroney, the Mexican Presiden t, Carlos Salinas de Gortari, and previous U.S. President George H. Shrub initiated the agreement. Connections between the nations were at that point on great terms, particularly between The United States and CanadaRead MoreThe North American Free Trade Agreement Essay1356 Words   |  6 PagesThe North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) is an agreement negotiated by three countries; Canada, Mexico, and the United States. The main purpose of NAFTA is essentially to reduce trade barriers in order to promote international commerce, and open up different industries to trade, in particular textiles, agriculture, and automobile sectors. The introduction of NAFTA completely transformed North American economic relations and led to unparalleled cooperation between the U.S. Canada and MexicoRead MoreThe North American Free Trade Agreement1486 Words   |  6 PagesThe North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA), an agreement signed by three countries in creating rules in trade in North A merica. NAFTA, when being presented, was described as genuine for helping Mexico and Canada. But was NAFTA really helpings those counties or really just helping North America? Initially North America was being genuine about NAFTA when talking to Mexico and Canada but in reality the NAFTA caused some uneven development as the years went by. I have two stories thatRead MoreThe North American Free Trade Agreement1804 Words   |  8 Pagesunderstanding the elements of trade blocs that enable open markets between member nations while also decreasing the cost of conducting business within a country is essential in making strategic logistical decisions. The North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) has provided one such trade bloc that encompasses the countries of the United States, Mexico, and Canada. Since the inception of NAFTA in 1994, significant financial results have been achieved regarding increases in trade revenue and increases inRead MoreThe North American Free Trade Agreement1018 Words   |  5 PagesThe North American Free Trade Agreement, known as NAFTA, is a trilateral trade agreement between Canada, the United States, and Mexico. Signed January 1, 1994, NAFTA’s main purpose was to reduce trading costs, increase business investments, and help the United States be more competitive in the g lobal marketplace. The agreement would eliminate all tariffs on half of all U.S. goods shipping to Mexico and introduce new regulations to encourage cross-border investments. According to President Bush, tradeRead MoreThe North American Free Trade Agreement920 Words   |  4 PagesThe North American Free Trade Agreement (NATFA) shoved the American worker down a flight of stairs in the name of Globalization NAFTA or a bill similar had been floating around Washington since 1979 a year before Reagan took office. NAFTA truly went no where for over a decade. The â€Å"North American Accord† was first proposed by the Reagan and the GOP were always in favor of passage but, it was the Progressive wing, along with many other pro-union members in the Democratic party who held NAFTA atRead MoreThe North American Free Trade Agreement2468 Words   |  10 Pages1.1 Introduction The North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) was is the biggest free trade region in the globe, creating economic development and helping to raise the living standard for the citizens of all three member states. By strengthening the policies and procedures governing trade and investment, the NAFTA has indicated to be a solid foundation for developing Canada’s prosperity and has set an important example of the advantages of trade liberalization for the rest of the globe. Two decades

Advertising Strategy of Coca-Cola Free Essays

What is advertisement? Advertisement is Paid, non-personal, public communication about causes, goods and services, ideas, organizations, people, and places, through means such as direct mail, telephone, print, radio, television, and internet. Objective of advertisement are to inform, persuade and motivate potential customers, but also has a strategic significance for the company’s image in whole or brand the product belongs. Advertisement strategies are varying among the regions. We will write a custom essay sample on Advertising Strategy of Coca-Cola or any similar topic only for you Order Now The types of advertisement used in a region are depending on its culture, norms, religion, tradition and language. The advertisement that are used in Western and Asia is very different in every aspect. I will take Coca-Cola to compare strategies of advertisement that have been used in western and Asia. In Asian countries Coca-Cola’s strategy is mostly depend on entertainment and youths. But in Western countries the strategy is a bit different. They try to promote the drink is healthy and safe to drink. Even Coca-Cola has introduced Diet Coke to attract people in Western country. The Western people more take care about their health compare to Asians. So they have to show the drink is suitable for a healthy lifestyle. Another important aspect of Coca-Cola Company’s advertisement in Western countries is they like to use woman and sex element. Most of their advertisements are with sexy ladies who are models or actresses holding the drink or holding it in their hand. In Western countries it is very normal to promote a product in this way. But in Asian countries it is very hard to do such advertisement because most countries have strict regulations and very religious. Asian countries give importance to cultural values and they are against sex elements in advertisement. Coca-Cola’s advertisement in Asian countries gives importance to youths and youngsters. They advertisement normally shows that they will get new energy after drink it. They will so energetic and can do things without getting tired. But in Western countries they give importance to all. Even they use children also in advertisement to attract them to drink Coca-Cola. The company give equal importance to adults also. The Coca-Cola’s advertisement in Asia also gives importance to Asian festivals and celebration. For every festival and celebration like Chinese New Year, Independence Day, Christmas and so on Coca-Cola will introduce new advertisement to promote their product. Sometimes they insert the cultural values in these advertisements. But in Western countries the situation is very different. Cultural values of Asians and Western people are very different. So large companies like Coca-Cola have to differentiate their advertisement according to region to survive and lead the market. How to cite Advertising Strategy of Coca-Cola, Essay examples

Comparison Of The Piano Lesson And Sonnys Blues Essay Example For Students

Comparison Of The Piano Lesson And Sonnys Blues Essay Comparison of The Piano Lesson and Sonnys BluesAugust Wilsons ?The Piano Lesson? and James Baldwins ?Sonnys Blues? explore the values of two families destined for disruption. ?The Piano Lesson? portrays a family split apart over the future of a family heirloom, whereas ?Sonnys Blues? deals with a brother in need of help. Although each story captures outside interest, psychological problems detracts obtaining individuality. Through conquering a hostile environment and difficulties within his family, man often obtains a true sense of his identity. ?The Piano Lesson? displays a family, attempting to form a common bond of understanding. Initially, the environment of which the people in the play are raised fabricates conflict, causing them to mold their personas. Doaker frequently sings songs that give directions to specific locations because of his involvement with slavery (55). Boy Willie and everyone elses belief in the ?Ghosts of the Yellow Dog? signifies the irrational reasoning used in that time period (28). In addition, relationships among friends help create a true sense of ones identity. Constantly ordering Lyman around, Boy Willie detracts from Lymans security (84). Avery feels that Berniece is ?too young a woman to close up,? indicating his concern for others (66). Lastly, family relationships define oneself. Doakers impeccable understanding of Bernieces demeanor illustrates his vast knowledge of people (88). Moreover, people continually speak up for Berniece, forcing her to speak her mind less (98). As in ?The Piano Lesson,? the people in ?Sonnys Blues? struggle to form their identity. The environment holds some responsibility for shaping ones personality. Sonnys brother finds himself ?trapped in the darkness which roared outside,? indicating his state of mind after discovering the misfortune of Sonny (97). Sonnys brother becomes very nervous about what has happened to Sonny, depicting the brothers sympathetic and caring personality (97). Furthermore, relationships among friends construct meaningful identities. An old friend of Sonnys that Sonnys brother encounters while leaving school shows no faith in Sonny overcoming his troubles which shows no confidence in Sonny (99). Explaining to Sonnys brother that he ?got a real musician in family,? Sonnys friend exhibits faith in his partner (118). Most importantly, relationships within the family serve as key factors when forming a sound identity. Whenever dealing with his parents, Sonny ?moves back, inside himself, where he cant be reached,? illustrating his uncertain feelings towards himself and his parents (104). Exhibiting a mild sense of responsibility, Sonny acknowledges his problems in a letter to his brother where he states his intentions to rid himself of his wrong doings.?The Piano Lesson? and ?Sonnys Blues? portray two confused families in search of who they truly are. The circumstances by which the individuals encounter have similar effects on the two families, bringing about confusion, yet more clearly defining ones personality. Friends of the family in ?The Piano Lesson? provide much confidence in the family. Likewise, Sonnys friends enhance his identity through experience. Relationships within the family prove to be of the utmost importance in defining oneself. In both stories, the family either forces one into or out of a shell, either taking away or adding to the identity. Ultimately, in order for one to obtain complete individuality, he or she must subject themselves to every type of situation , good or bad, from which a lesson can be learned.

Research Paper free essay sample

Your final project for this course will be a research paper of 1500 words with a minimum of four sources. Well have a library orientation session on October 28 that will assist you in learning how to do academic research on a literary topic. You will choose any text (or two texts), either poetry or short fiction, that we have read over the course of the semester for your topic.I recommend you take one of three approaches that I will be going over with ou in class: formalist (focusing on the texts structure and literary devices), theoretical (reading the text for issues of gender, race, class, psychology, etc. ), or contextual (focusing on the texts historical, cultural, and social context). Assignment Requirements: We will review two separate drafts of the research paper that must be a minimum of 750 words: once in class as peer review on November 18, and once in an individual paper conference with me on November 25. Fortunately, there are many corporations are voluntary elect to employ and report their sustainability performance. Nevertheless, there is no indication of any development of formal international recognised legislation to enforce corporations to report its sustainability performance. The authors believed that part of the recent corporate failures were caused by corporate mismanagement mostly a human error and failure moral-hazard system risk control. Hence, the motivation of this academic paper was to recommend that an adequate risk control was necessary to be put in place, and a meaningful and accurate corporate sustainability disclosure to be required. The paper suggests that Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) should actively work on a standardised sustainability reporting. Theoretical Concepts There are theoretical and practical rationales in this research. The theoretical concepts examined in the paper are stakeholder theory and public interest theory. There are many organisations that voluntary report their sustainability performance to the public. There are different reasons for them to adopt this reporting strategy. This may due to an entity is more likely to focus on meeting the expectations with a particular group of stakeholders such as investors, employees, customers, regulators and other specific groups. Usually an organisation has the responsibility to account for the right of their stakeholders such as ‘right to information’. If an organisation fail to meet the expectation of the public and stakeholders, this may result lose their support from the community and the opportunity to run their business locally. Therefore alignment of company reporting with the expectations of key stakeholders serves to improve the quality of a company’s relationships with such stakeholders and thus protect and enhance the value of the organisation (G100, 2003). Therefore it is critical for an organisation to address the needs and expectation from their identified stakeholders. On the other hand, the authors analysed the disclosure indicators between GRI and DJSI. In 2009/2010 there were 317 global organisations listed on the DJSI. In 2009 there were 1299 registered reports with GRI. Among these 1299 reports, the authors discovered that the level of compliance with the GRI guidelines were inconsistent. In general, there are three levels in GRI Guidelines to determine what the degree of compliance that a reporting organisation has account for their disclosure on materiality. Level A is intended for advance reporting organisations. Suppose these ‘Level A’ reporting organisations are expected to report a thorough materiality process in response and communication with their stakeholders. Lower compliance level is Level C that includes those reporting organisations are at lower compliance level. However, the authors found that there were only 31% of the reporting organisations were with great process towards sustainability implementation. In addition, there were 25% of the reporting organisations were most likely not to adhere to the disclosure guidelines. The reason for this are either (1) reporting sustainability are voluntary so they don’t need to adhere all the requirements, (2) some aspects may not be relevant to a particular organisation or the organisation choose not to report part of the requirement, (3) they have combined/used other sustainability instrument to report their sustainability performance. The authors reveal the above were some of the limitation to the current G3 Guidelines. As GRI Guidelines are non-regulatory and non-binding disclosure requirements, as well as missing ‘enforcement’ that require those reporting organisations have to comply with. The authors believed that legislation is necessary to be put in place by an authority and/or professional bodies. They said legislation is needed in order to maintain a stable capital market, and refinement and early detection of any corporate mismanagement. As a general rule, the introduction of regulation is to rotect investors as well as the public. It is believed that regulations are initially to benefit the society as a whole and it is an instrument to create confidence to the society in relation to the capital market. However, there are arguments about the cost-and-benefit to the increasing of regulations. These regulations may create huge cost to companies but with less corresponding benefit and it may crea te a false sense of security to the society. This may be one of reason why there is uncertainty for other organisations to employ the sustainability development. Comparison We have found that the authors have compared the GRI reporting guidelines with the DJSI World disclosure indicators and the report revealed some difference between the GRI-G3 Guidelines and DJSI World: (1) Data Availability and Accessibility: The DJSI covers the top 10 percentage of the biggest 2500 companies in the Dow Jones Global Total Stock Market Index (DJGTSM) that pursue economic, social, and environmental reporting (DJSIs, 2009). Each year, the index components will be announced by the SAM Indexes GmbH, a Switzerland-based investment group. It serves as a reference point to the global rating agencies and investors. On the other hand, the GRI Guideline is designed and developed through a process of multi-stakeholder consultation including individual, professionals and non-governmental organisations (NGO). According to G100, 2003, â€Å"Internationally, the most prominent, comprehensive and generally accepted guidance is that published by the GRI. † The GRI-G3 Guidelines provide reporting framework to an organisation of any size, sector or location to prepare their sustainability report. 2) Objectives: The DJSI defines corporate sustainability as a business approach that create long-term shareholder value by embracing opportunities and managing risks deriving from economic, environmental and social developments. (DJSIs, 2009) and that can be quantified and screened for investing purposes. On the other hand, the GRI guidelines are based on the notion that transparency and accountability about economic, environmenta l, and social impacts are of interest to a diverse group of stakeholders (GRI, 2008). 3) Application disclosure information: The authors utilize sample firms from both standards to draw inferences on sustainability indicators of performance. They discovered that the content of both standards are similar but the disclosure format method and the depth of indicators are differences. For example, they have compared the ‘social responsibility’ between both standards. The authors find that GRI Guidelines have better disclosure indicators especially in the systemic risk of moral hazard such as anti-corruption and anti-trust practices. As a result of the above findings, the authors believe that DJSI’s information is focus on an investment perspective. Alternatively, GRI Guidelines are more focus on a wider group of stakeholders. Although both standards are served for the same purpose that is to enhance sustainability measuring and reporting. However, these two standards are with different scope of data availability, accessibility, objectives and indicator measurement. The authors suggested it is necessary to further standardization sustainability disclosure and enforced by a professional body such as Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB). Implications amp; Conclusion The implications of the above findings indicated that it is significant to form a standard sustainability guideline that appropriate to any size of corporations to employ their sustainability development. The quality, content, as well as the disclosure indicators are the critical factors; this is to determine the level of risk and materiality related to the financial and non-financial information. In particular, to certain an entity’s sustainability development can create an opportunity for an entity to sustain itself through risk management in the long run. The research paper written by Christofi A. , Christofi P. , and Sisaye S. as discussed about historical development and reporting practices of corporate sustainability. To be exact it gave an overview of how and why sustainability reporting has been developed and moreover it discussed reporting instruments such as GRI and DJSI. We understand the reason why organisation will voluntary to report their sustainability performa nce as well as how important of the disclosure indicators are. According to GRI, 2008 A sustainability report should provide a balanced, objective and reasonable representation of the sustainability performance of a reporting company – including both positive and negative contributions. We will take into account of all these factors when we  evaluate the sustainability report of our chosen organisation Samsung Electronics. Part 2 – A Critical Evaluation of an Organisations’ Sustainability Report Introduction Samsung Electronics Co. , Ltd. is found in 1969 in Suwon of Korea. They are the first Korean company included in the Global 100 Most Sustainable Corporations in the World in February 2011. In 2010, they was ranked 19th in the Interbrand’s Best Global Brands. Their main business is manufacturing and sells a wide range of electronic goods, communication devices, and semiconductors. They have one global headquarter in Korea and nine regional headquarters worldwide, which consists of 199 subsidiaries, and they have employed 178,732 full time staff and 11,732 contractors at the end of 2010. As they are one of the largest manufacturing corporate in the world, so we are interested to evaluate their sustainability performance. Vision amp; Strategy Since 2009, they set their long term corporate vision for 2020 as ‘Inspire the World, Create the Future’. The objectives of their core strategy are harmonising among diverse stakeholders by (1) protecting the environment, (2) improving the social conditions in their service regions, and, at the same time, (3) generating economic performance (as per the CEO report in 2011 sustainability report). They believed that integration of sustainability development is essential for sustainability growth. To achieve their sustainability development, they have categorised their strategies into six areas: talent management, integrity management, green management, social contribution, partner collaboration, and product and services. In recent years,  Samsung has built their organisation structure into eight divisions, including visual display, IT solution, Digital Appliance, Mobile Appliance, Mobile Communications, Network, Digital Imaging, Semiconductor, LCD divisions. The goal of organisation structure is help managers to implement and control the system facility and efficiency. Furthermore, the new structure enhances global competitiveness and more effectiveness organisation management. Samsung has established successfully the corporate governance to implement and monitor the sustainability strategy across the company. As seen in the annual sustainability report, the company has suggested three significant strategic approaches; visions for industry, vision for society and vision for employees. To ensure the accuracy of implementing and monitoring these approaches, Samsung has established creative management, partnership management and talent management. The responsibilities and roles of each department are increasing the external capabilities, partner collaborations, satisfying the expectation of its stakeholders. Organisation’s Profile and Management Approach Furthermore, Samsung has set up the management systems to ensure the company continuously obtaining future probability and sustainability, which is based on main direction of creation, innovation and change in consistent with the global economy. Their scope and tasks to achieve their sustainability development, that reflecting significant influences to employees, societies, partnerships, and customers as a whole, are classified in the following areas: * Talent management: employee value, work-life balance. * Integrity management: corporate ethics, fair trade compliance and intellectual property protection. Green management: emphasis on climate change, develop eco-products, encourage Eco-Friendly workplace, green communication. * Social contribution: pursuing a happier society, partnership programs. * Partner collaboration: global competitiveness. * Products and services: customer enjoyment service and customer trust. In January 2009, Samsung built the Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) Liaison Office that is responsible for reporting directly to the CEO and the Sustainability Management Committee. Report Content and Quality There are four principles for defining report content: materiality, stakeholder inclusiveness, sustainability context and completeness. (1) Materiality: We found that the level of information provided form Samsung sustainability report is not detailed enough. For example, information about global network gives us an understanding on how many departments of production, research and development and sales in each region and the report also provided information about how many people are working in each region; but it is missing further information on how many people work in individual division. This is key information for us to compare with the accident rate. It seems they are not complied with this principle. (2) Stakeholder Inclusiveness: In both of their reports, they have identified their stakeholders into eight groups – customer, business partners, shareholders/investors, non-governmental organisations, employees, local communities, government and press. In order to meet with the needs from their stakeholders, they will identify all relative issues and will follow up with communication activities. In addition, they have expanded social network services to strengthen communication with both internal and external stakeholders. In essence, Samsung has satisfies this principle. (3) Sustainability Context: Samsung has categorises its sustainability issues into 6 areas talent management, integrity management, green management, social contribution, partner collaboration, and product and services. At the end of the report, it contained performance highlights, short-term plan for the next year and performance indicators. Basically, Samsung has satisfies this principle too. (4) Completeness: Overall, Samsung has provided general information in their reports. By looking at the table of the content of the report, the reader can find that all important topics. Yes, Samsung has satisfies this principle. There are six principles for defining report quality:   balance, comparability, accuracy, timeliness, clarity and reliability. (1) Balance: The balance of the information provided by Samsung is enough but they are relatively emphasised on those positive aspects. In the negative aspects, for example, in the area of product and service, they have employed outside agency to conduct a global customer satisfaction survey and used it for setting improvement targets, but it is missing further information about the effect of the survey. Another example is they have disclosed that they have 57 million customer inquiries and grievances (Korea: 34 million, overseas: 23 million) on their product and after sales services, again, there is no further information. It seems they are trying to meet the disclosure requirement. In general, they have relatively emphasised on the possible aspects, like awards, partnership program in social contribution, economic performance and so on. It is obviously, Samsung has failed to meet with this principle. 2) Comparability: We found that the two reports were inconsistent, the format and level of information provided are different. In 2011 report was with more information with performance highlights, indicators as well as a short-term plan for next year. In 2010 report is with more information in the individual areas, for example, they have included their company code of conduct in their integrity management. Besides, we found that it is quite difficult to compare their report with other company especially in the same industry. Because the format and information are vary from one company to others. We believe that this is caused by lack of a standard sustainability reporting framework. Therefore, their report does not comply with this principle. (3) Accuracy: In general, Samsung as a big corporation have responsibility to provide accurate information. We believe the information they have provide are accurate and reliable, and stakeholders assess their company’s performance. Yes, Samsung satisfies this principle. (4) Timeliness: Organisation should make report available on time for the stakeholders to make informed decisions. In general, Samsung has provided their reports on a regular schedule and information is available in time. Their reports are generally available around early of June. Yes, Samsung satisfies this principle. (5) Clarity: In general, everybody can assess Samsung sustainability information from their company website and can obtain a PDF format of the sustainability report. Besides, their website provides information and contact details of their CSR office and stakeholders can contact them for any queries on their report. Yes, Samsung satisfies this principle. 6) Reliability: Basically, the level of information in Samsung’s report is quite general. However, it still can subject to examination and that establishes the quality and materiality of the information. Range of the aspects of performance reported The range (breadth) of the aspects of performance reported for these two years are adequate. In these two reports, they have categorized their sustainability development into six s egments which are talent management, integrity management, green management, social contribution, partner collaboration, and product and services. In the 2011 sustainability report, they have presented the highlights of progress, a three year performance indicator, and a short-term plan for each of the segments. The level of information provided in each segments is sufficient. However, due to there are lack of standard requirement of what level of information should be presented, we found that the information between the two years are difference and inconsistent. In addition, there are no comparisons with other companies or with industry average. Sometimes, it may be difficult to know how a particular company compares with another one. As a reader, we would like to have more meaningful information and progress in regarding to their economic, environmental and social performance. Performance Indicators In 2010 sustainability report, Samsung has set number of the action plans for year of 210 and they are:- * Sharpen competitive edge in core businesses * Promote open innovation * Develop new businesses and new markets * Expand partner collaboration and establish green leadership * Establish market-driven system * Foster a creative organisational culture We will use the above as short-term goals and will evaluate their sustainability performance. As Samsung is one of the largest manufacturing corporate. We are interested to understand their disclosure indicator in the social performance of (1) labour practices and decent work and (2) society. (1) Labour practices and decent work: Overall, Samsung has demonstrated the results of performance against goals in this area. Information has been covered in the area of talent management. They have set the objective to attract and retain top talent with promoting worker diversity and fostering a creative organisational culture through strengthening employee competencies. The level of information is met with requirement in the performance indicator related to employment and occupational health and safety. Employment status by region| Region| 2008| 2009| 2010| Korea| 84464| 85089| 95662| Other| 77236| 72612| 94802| Total| 161700| 157701| 190464| In 2010, their sales and profits has been boost even though there are weak euro stemming from debt crisis in Europe and they have expanded more business subsidiaries in overseas. Their workforce has been increased significantly. Some of their contractors have been transferred as permanent staff especially in the peak season. However, this situation may arise with some restraint in the labour budgets, overall staff management when the global continuous economic downsizing more severely in the upcoming years (2) Society: As per requirement from G3. 1, society performance indicators focus on any impacts that will arise from the local communities in where they operate, and disclose any risks that may arise from interactions with other social institutions of which are managed and mediated. Risks including bribery, corruption, undue influence in public policy-making, and monopoly practices. In the 2011 sustainability report, it has demonstrated the result of performance against the above plan. They have opened 3 more subsidiaries in 2010 from a total of 196 to 199. The movement of their subsidiaries are as follows:- Global Network| Production| Sales| Ramp;D| Other| Total| Year 2010| 40| 50| 18| 91| 199| Year 2009| 39| 53| 24| 80| 196| Movement| 1| -3| -6| 11| 3| Once their new business subsidiaries are in operation, they will implement their sustainability strategy in the area of social contribution and integrity management. In the social contribution, Samsung has incorporated their corporate social responsibility philosophy: â€Å"leverage Samsung legacy of technology innovation to change our communities and human life and offer new opportunities to more people by preserving the environment for future generations†. In return, Samsung has developed various contribution programs through, partnership, donations and volunteering, which are tailored to each local community and aim at deliver real change to these local communities. Result in 2010 is positive. The number of people participating in volunteering is increased significantly. However, the dollar value on social contribution which is only KRW239 billion. When we compared it with the sales KRW154 trillion and net income KRW16. 1 trillion, the percentage to sales is less than 0. 15% and to net income is 1. 5%. It seems their dollars value contribution to the society is so little. Samsung has identified organisational risks of unlawful activities and violation of the laws in each region, in order to minimise these risks. Samsung has established its own code of conduct outlining ethical standards that require all employees has to comply with. Besides, they have introduced different compliance programs such as compliance education, integrated training through self-inspection to raise awareness of compliance among employees to follow. Any unlawful activities such as bribery, corruption and influence in public policy-making and monopoly are strictly prohibited. Although they have integrated different compliance programs, however wrongdoing activities are still happened. In 2010, 28% of the people who were disciplined were dismissed by Samsung. Besides, Samsung has been fined with KRW16 billion with violation of collusion on system air conditioners in Korea and $145. 73 million Euros with violation of DRAM price collusion in overseas. It seems their controlling system is inefficiency and we believe they need a tightening monitoring system in order to minimise their business risks. Conclusion Based on our evaluation on our chosen organisations’ sustainability report, we are of the opinion that their sustainability reports have covered enough information and this information can be easily accessed. However, the level of detail in their information provided in their report is very general. Their compliance program, for example, is an essential for any company, and does not provide the necessary information for us to properly analyse their integrity. The report roughly covers the data. As a reader, we would like to know more details of how problems occur, instead of what, and how they are going to rectify or prevent it. Besides, when we referring to their report, the currency they are using is South Korean Won which is quite difficult for us to understand the monetary effect. We would suggest an appropriate international currency should be used. The clarity of change between the two years reports are inconsistent. The 2010 report was with more information such as code of conduct, value system which is a useful insight, and the 2011 report was with more information such as short-term plans, performance highlights and more performance indicators. We are trying to compare Samsung’s performance with other company that is in the same industry. However this is quite difficult as the format and level of information are different from Samsung to the other company. This may be a restraint of a voluntary report. These different indicated the current limitation of sustainability development, that is lack of standard sustainability reporting. Currently sustainability reporting is a non-regulatory and non-binding requirement. After we evaluated Samsung’s sustainability report, it seems their â€Å"voluntary sustainability report may more about public relations than about increasing the transparency and accountability of corporations with respect to their sustainability performance† (Cho, 2012). We believe that â€Å"the development of CSR standards could become a major influence on global trade and investment. Questions of effectiveness, transparency, accountability and democratic participation are important for any new manifestation of regulation or governance† (Bendell, 2011). As per the insight from KPMG 2011 â€Å"while the GRI Guidelines will continue to be the de facto standard, we believe that global CR reporting would benefit from further global standards that enable the benchmarking of the quality of the information and quantitative performance in CR activities†. We believe that an organisation should initiative to ensure they have made every effort to listen and meet the needs from both their internal and external stakeholders, through incorporated the sustainability development this should be the best channel for an organisation to improve the communication with both their internal and external stakeholders. Finally through sustainability on economic, environmental and social, this will benefit to the organisation, people as well as the planet too. Word count: 4022 References 1. Bendell, J. , Miller, A. , Wortmann, K. 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